code, circuits, & construction

I’m making some changes to this blog. I’ve been unhappy about the fact that all the code is static, not the code I use every day. Instead, I want a nice code repository, so whatever I write on my machine can be published directly, and if I update it, the updates end up here. I would also like syntactical highlighting of the code. And now, ta dah! It’s all done. Here’s what I did, for your reference and my own, because I’ll forget next time I need to update it.

So from now on, new code on this blog will look like this:

void setup() {
 Serial.begin(9600); 
}

void loop() {
  Serial.println("Hello from Tom!");
}

And it’ll all be updated whenever I make changes.  Exciting, isn’t it?

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Here’s a simple example of using the cURL program through PHP’s client URL library. It’s a really powerful way to use HTTP, because you can set just about every HTTP option using the library.

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Here’s a simple HTML/PHP form that takes data from the form and sends it in mail via HTTP POST. Save it as formToMe.php:

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This tutorial introduces a Processing interface sketch provides a GUI for the command-line interface written into the Arduino RFID example. You should read that tutorial first. The sketch shown here also allows you to upload tags it reads to O’Reilly’s Emerging Technology Conference attendee portal, and retrieves the resulting profile. The API for this was written by Edd Dumbill. The Processing sketch retrieves RFID tags from the Arduino reader serially, then  passes the tag via a HTTP request to a PHP script on a remote server, shown below,  that adds an authorized login to the O’Reilly site.

Caveat: this tutorial was written specifically for the RFID workshop at Etech 2009.  If you’re doing this on your own, the uploader won’t work because your tags won’t be associated with records in the O’Reilly database, and the PHP script that it calls probably won’t be active on my site anymore.  But you could build your own version on your own server. The PHP code that follows below gives you a start on that process, and the Processing code below can make a HTTP call to any web address you give it.

The entire sketch can be downloaded here:

rfid_uploader_0002

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This tutorial shows how to make an Arduino-based RFID reader that reads Mifare tags and stores them in EEPROM. It is a modification of Alex Zivanovic’s code on Tinker.it. Thanks to Alex and Massimo Banzi for the reference. Once you’ve got it running, go on to the RFID to Web example, which provides a Processing interface sketch provides a GUI for the command-line interface written into the Arduino code.

The entire sketch can be downloaded here:

arduino_rfid_reader_0001

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Sensorbase.org is an open data repository run by the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing at UCLA. It’s a database of sensor databases. You can upload datasets to it, and you can browse other datasets as well. If you’ve never set up a database before but are interested in logging sensor data, it’s a good tool to get started. If you know what you’re doing already and you need to log a lot of sensor data, or compare it to similar work from others, it’s a convenient tool.

Since I like working with sensors and microcontrollers connected directly to the Internet, I thought it would be useful to be able to put data directly into Sensorbase from sensors connected to a microcontroller, without a personal computer in between.

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Here’s a short PHP script that gathers info about the browser and the IP address of the client and returns it via email. I used it to gather data on cell phone browsers, and got the results seen at the bottom over the course of a day. Thanks to all those folks who hit it.

Technorati Tags: networked objects, networks, PHP

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Kate Hartman has written a set of PHP examples that allow you to connect to a microcontroller via a phone call using Asterisk. Her examples use the Arduino microcontroller. Thanks to Kate for the link.

Technorati Tags: networks

This program connects a Wiring or Arduino module to the internet through a Lantronix serial-to-ethernet converter (Xport, WiPort, or Micro). The microcontroller makes a TCP connection to a web server first. Once it’s got a connection, it sends an HTTP request for a web page. When the web page comes back, it parses the page for < and > symbols, and takes the string between them. Then it converts the string to an integer. It assumes the string is made only of numeric ASCII characters (0 – 9).

This program couldn’t parse an entire web page very easily, so it’s best used in conjunction with a web scraper PHP script like this one, which reads the AIRNow site and extracts the Air Quality Index into a single string like this:

< AQI: 54>

This program was written to make an air quality index meter out of an analog voltmeter.

The electrical connections to the microcontroller are as follows:

• disconnected LED: Arduino digital I/O 6
• connected LED: Arduino digital I/O 7
• connecting LED: Arduino digital I/O 8
• requesting LED: Arduino digital I/O 9
• Lantronix module reset: Arduino digital I/O 10
• Voltmeter: Arduino digital I/O 11. The voltmeter is controlled by using pulse width modulation (analogWrite() command on the Arduino).

The web scraper is written in PHP. Its code follows below the Arduino code.

Technorati Tags: networked objects, networks

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This suite of programs takes data from a sensor and saves it to a text file on a network. Each sensor reading is time stamped. The suite illustrates the basic principles involved in sending sensor data to a networked file or database.
The first program involved is a microcontroller program, written in PicBasic Pro, tested on a PIC18F258. It waits for serial input from an external program. Then it reads its analog sensor, and sends the result out in two bytes.
The second program is the same microcontroller code in Wiring/Arduino, thanks to Jamie Allen for the cleanup.
The third program involved is a desktop computer program, written in Processing. It requests data via its serial port from the microprocessor and sends that data to a CGI program on a web server. It passes the data into the CGI using an HTTP GET request. This program only sends every three seconds, so as not to overwhelm the server with hits.
The fourth program is a CGI (common gareway interface) program, written in PHP. It takes in data from an HTTP GET request and appends it to a text file, along with the time the request was received. Note that this program does not check to see how big the file is, or whether the incoming data is properly formatted, so it isn’t terribly secure.
The fifth program is another PHP script that logs the data to a mySQL database. Running this doesn’t require any change in the microcontroller code, but it does require a slight change in the Processing code. The change is in the sentToNet() method, and is noted below.

Technorati Tags: networked objects, networks

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